ABSTRACT
The bile duct is the channel for bile transport in the liver, and the lining epithelial cells in the bile duct have functional and morphological heterogeneity and are the target of various bile duct diseases. In addition to bile metabolism and secretion, biliary epithelial cells are also involved in tissue damage and repair. Biliary epithelial cells have an immune barrier function and can secrete different proinflammatory factors and chemokines. Under the stimulation of endogenous and exogenous factors, biliary epithelial cells present immune reactivity and initiate immune response in the host. This article reviews the current status of research on bile duct lesions and related liver diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically explore students'perception of roles of clinical tutors and to identify different types of perception, so as to provide suggestions to promote the implementation of clinical tutorial system. Methods The study used Q-methodology, which was a combination of qualitative and quantitative research method. Through semi-structured interviews with 13 students, a Q discussion of 48 entries was formed. Forty undergraduate students majored in nursing who had participated in clinical tutorial system at least one year were asked to rank 48 statements according to their relative importance. Results Undergraduate nursing students′ cognition on the role of clinical tutors could be divided into four types. Type 1 "Lighthouse", types 2 "alienation", type 3 "help", type 4"experience type". There were differences and similarities between these types. They were in favor of clinical instructors in their professional specialty, also believed that the relationship between how to coordinate with the doctor,a clinical instructor did not give guidance. Conclusions There are four types of the cognition on clinical tutor role. The students generally accepted the role of clinical tutors. The degree of cognition are different.
ABSTRACT
Objective:According to the existing problems on research instruments management in medical colleges, we proposed the reasonable purchasing and application advices and how to improve the efficiency. Methods: Aiming at the use and management of instruments of teaching and researching in universities, this paper expounds how to reasonably purchase and improve the use efficiency of large-scale instruments. Results:Five suggestions were proposed. Conclusion: To give full play to the investment benefit and its important role of large-scale instruments in the teaching and scientific research.
ABSTRACT
The content of carboxylate ions in marine sulfate polysaccharide 911 was determined by conductometric titration. In the mean while, the sample was transformed with cation exchange resin,the molar ratio of sufate ions to carboxylate ions was determined. The results showed that conductometric titration is a simple,rapid and accurate method.